G3RV-SL700-A-C1D2 DC24

Solid State Relays G3RV-C1D2 Slimmest Industrial Plug-in SSR for Use in Class I Division 2 Hazardous Areas  Rated UL Class I Div 2 for use in hazardous environments  Save panel space: Measures just 6.2 mm wide, allows gang mounting of 8 relays for a compact output block  Direct connection with PLC adapter and pre-terminated cables to Omron PLCs and slice I/O  Long electrical life and high speed switching  G3RV Socket - Robust plug-in terminals for reliable connection  G3RV-D (DC load) models can manage resistive loads of 100 μA to 3.0 A  Monitor operation status with built-in LED indicator Model Number Structure  Model Number Legend G3RV-SL    -   1 2 3 4 5 1. Basic Model Name G3RV: Solid State Relay 2. Auxiliary Type Designation SL: Slim Solid State Relay and socket combination 3. Wire Connection 700: Screw Terminals 500: Spring Terminals 4. Output voltage specifications A(L): AC Output…TRIAC A: with Zero cross function AL: without Zero cross function D: DC Output…MOS FET 5. Special UL Rating C1CD2: Class 1 Div 2 Class I, Division 2 Rating  Use in Hazardous Environments Products with this rating are not capable of causing an ignition within a specified flammable gasses or vapor-air mixture due to arcing. One of the following three situations must exist in order for an area to be considered a Class I, Division 2 location.    An area where flammable liquids and gases are handled, but not expected to be in explosive concentrations. However, the possibility for these concentrations to exist might occur if there was an accidental rupture or other unexpected incident. An area where ignitable gases or vapors are normally prevented from accumulating by positive mechanical ventilation, yet could exist in ignitable quantities if there was a failure in the ventilation systems. Areas adjacent to Class I, Division 1 locations where the atmosphere is expected to contain explosive mixtures of gases, vapors, or liquids during normal working operations. It is possible for ignitable concentrations of gas/vapors to come into the Class I, Division 2 area if there is not proper ventilation. Ordering Information  List of Models SSR and Socket Combinations Input Voltage 12 VDC 24 VDC 24 VAC/DC 48 VAC/DC 110 VAC 230 VAC Screw Termination Model Number G3RV-SL700-D-C1D2 DC12 G3RV-SL700-A-C1D2 DC12 G3RV-SL700-AL-C1D2 DC12 G3RV-SL700-D-C1D2 DC24 G3RV-SL700-A-C1D2 DC24 G3RV-SL700-AL-C1D2 DC24 G3RV-SL700-D-C1D2 AC/DC24 G3RV-SL700-A-C1D2 AC/DC24 G3RV-SL700-AL-C1D2 AC/DC24 G3RV-SL700-D-C1D2 AC/DC48 G3RV-SL700-A-C1D2 AC/DC48 G3RV-SL700-AL-C1D2 AC/DC48 G3RV-SL700-D-C1D2 AC110 G3RV-SL700-A-C1D2 AC110 G3RV-SL700-AL-C1D2 AC110 G3RV-SL700-D-C1D2 AC230 G3RV-SL700-A-C1D2 AC230 G3RV-SL700-AL-C1D2 AC230 Spring Termination Model Number G3RV-SL500-D-C1D2 DC12 G3RV-SL500-A-C1D2 DC12 G3RV-SL500-AL-C1D2 DC12 G3RV-SL500-D-C1D2 DC24 G3RV-SL500-A-C1D2 DC24 G3RV-SL500-AL-C1D2 DC24 G3RV-SL500-D-C1D2 AC/DC24 G3RV-SL500-A-C1D2 AC/DC24 G3RV-SL500-AL-C1D2 AC/DC24 G3RV-SL500-D-C1D2 AC/DC48 G3RV-SL500-A-C1D2 AC/DC48 G3RV-SL500-AL-C1D2 AC/DC48 G3RV-SL500-D-C1D2 AC110 G3RV-SL500-A-C1D2 AC110 G3RV-SL500-AL-C1D2 AC110 G3RV-SL500-D-C1D2 AC230 G3RV-SL500-A-C1D2 AC230 G3RV-SL500-AL-C1D2 AC230 Replacement SSR Classification Plug-in terminals Generalpurpose Enclosure rating Input voltage Contact form Unsealed AC/DC SPST Type of connection Screw terminals Spring terminals Model number G3RV-SL700 G3RV-SL500  Accessories PLC Interface Unit Description PLC Output Interface for 8x G2RV-SL700 series relays; PNP type 2 Connection Model number Ribbon cable connector 10 pole, IEC603/1 P2RVC-8-O-F Cables for PLC Interface Compatible units Connectors CJ1 output units-MIL connectors: CJ1W-OD232, CJ1W-OD262 MIL10–MIL40 Universal output units MIL10–Flying leads NX Slice I/O series output units: NX-OD2258, NX-OD3256, NX-OD3257, NX-OD4256, NX-OD5256 MIL10-XW7F 16-pole GRT1 Slice I/O series output units: GRT1-OD4-1, GRT1-OD4G-1, GRT1-OD4G-3, GRT1-OD8-1, GRT1-OD8G-1 MIL10-XW7F 12-pole Cable length Model number 1.0 m P2RV-4-100C 2.0 m P2RV-4-200C 3.0 m P2RV-4-300C 5.0 m P2RV-4-500C 1.0 m P2RV-4-A100C 2.0 m P2RV-4-A200C 3.0 m P2RV-4-A300C 5.0 m P2RV-4-A500C 0.5 m P2RV-A050C-OMR NX 1.0 m P2RV-A100C-OMR NX 0.5 m P2RV-A050C-OMR GRT1 1.0 m P2RV-A100C-OMR GRT1 Cross Bars Specifications Item Max. current Max. voltage Remarks EN60947-7-1 section 8.3.3/1991 -When cutting cross bar without using a separation plate or end bracket Number of Poles 2 3 4 10 20 Red P2RVM-020R P2RVM-030R P2RVM-040R P2RVM-100R P2RVM-200R Rating 32 A 400 VAC 250 VAC Model number Blue P2RVM-020S P2RVM-030S P2RVM-040S P2RVM-100S P2RVM-200S Black P2RVM-020B P2RVM-030B P2RVM-040B P2RVM-100B P2RVM-200B Labels (Stickers) for G2RV/G3RV Sockets Color Box quantity Model number White 1 piece = 1 sheet = 484 labels (stickers) R99-16 for G2RV 3 Plastic Labels for G2RV/G3RV Sockets Color White Box quantity 5 sheets x 120 labels = 600 labels (minimum order) Model number R99-15 for G2RV Separating Plate Description Model number Plate provides isolation between adjacent relays to achieve 400 V isolation. P2RV-S Specifications  Ratings (at an Ambient Temperature of 25°C) Input G3RV-SL700/500-A Series Rated voltage 50 Hz 12 VDC 24 VDC 24 VAC/DC 48 VAC/DC 110 VAC 230 VAC --20 mA 10 mA 7.5 mA 7.3 mA Rated current AC 60 Hz --21 mA 11 mA 8.2 mA 8.6 mA Must operate voltage DC 15 mA 12 mA 11 mA 6 mA --- 10.8 V 21.6 V 21.6 V 43.2 V 99 V 207 V Input voltage Must release voltage % of rated voltage 1V ±10% G3RV-SL700/500-AL Series Rated voltage 50 Hz 12 VDC 24 VDC 24 VAC/DC 48 VAC/DC 110 VAC 230 VAC --20 mA 10 mA 7.5 mA 7.3 mA Rated current AC 60 Hz --21 mA 11 mA 8.2 mA 8.6 mA Must operate voltage DC 15 mA 12 mA 11 mA 6 mA --- 10.8 V 21.6 V 21.6 V 43.2 V 99 V 207 V Input voltage Must release voltage % of rated voltage 1V ±10% G3RV-SL700/500-D Series Rated voltage 50 Hz 12 VDC 24 VDC 24 VAC/DC 48 VAC/DC 110 VAC 230 VAC --10.7 mA 9.6 mA 6.8 mA 6.8 mA Rated current AC 60 Hz --11.1 mA 10.2 mA 7.5 mA 8.1 mA Must operate voltage DC 8 mA 4.5 mA 4.3 mA 6 mA --- 10.8 V 21.6 V 21.6 V 43.2 V 99 V 207 V 4 Input voltage Must release voltage % of rated voltage 1V ±10% Output Item G3RV-SL700/500-A(L) G3RV-SL700/500-D Rated load voltage 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz 5 to 24 VDC Load voltage range 75 to 264 VAC, 50/60 Hz 3 to 26.5 VDC Load current 0.1 to 2 A (Ta=40°C) 100 μA to 3 A (Ta=40°C) Inrush current 30 A (60 Hz/1 cycle) 30 A (60 Hz/1 cycle) Permissible I t; Joule Integral (Reference value) 2 15 A s 9 A2s Application load capacity 400 W (Output voltage: 200 VAC) 72 W (Output voltage: 24 VDC) 2  Characteristics Item G3RV-SL700/500-A G3RV-SL700/500-AL G3RV-SL700/500-D 1 ms max. 6 ms max. 20 ms max. 60 ms max. ½ of load power source cycle + 1 ms max. 40 ms max. Operate time Release time Output ON voltage drop Leakage current 1.6 V rms max. 0.9 V max. 5 mA max. (at 200 VAC 50/60Hz) 10 µA max. (at 24 VDC) 100 MΩ min. (at 500 VDC) Insulation resistance Dielectric strength Vibration resistance 2500VAC, 50/60 Hz for 1 minute between input and output Malfunction: 10 to 55 to 10 Hz, 0.7-mm single amplitude 300 m/s Shock resistance Ambient temperature 2 Storage: -30~+100°C (with no icing or condensation) Operating: -30~+55°C (with no icing or condensation) Ambient humidity 45~85% RH Weight Approx. 38 g 2 Pollution degree Degree of protection according to IEC 60529 Rated Impulse Withstand Voltage Load category IP20 4.0kV / III LC-A DC-12 1.5Ie 1.1Ue 5s ON, 10s OFF, 10 cycles Overload Current Profile 240 Rated insulation Voltage  Approved Standards UL 508 (File No. E64562) Model Input ratings Contact ratings G3RV-SL700/500-D Series 12, 24 VDC 24, 48 VAC/DC 110, 230 VAC 24 VDC 3 A (Resistive Load) at 25°C G3RV-SL700/500-A(L) Series 12, 24 VDC 24, 48 VAC/DC 110, 230 VAC 240 VAC 2 A (Resistive Load) at 25°C 5 IEC/TUV (EN 62314) Input ratings 12, 24 VDC 24, 48 VAC/DC 110, 230 VAC 12, 24 VDC 24, 48 VAC/DC 110, 230 VAC Contact ratings 24 VDC 3 A (Resistive Load) 240 VAC 2 A (Resistive Load) Approved Standards for Class 1 Div 2 ANSI/ISA 12.12.01 (File No. E467446), CSA22.2 No.213 (File No. E467446) Model Input Ratings Contact Ratings G3RV-SL700/500-D-CD12 Series 12, 24 VDC 24, 48 VAC/DC 110, 230 VAC 5 to 24 VDC 3 A (General use, Resistive load) at 25°C 5 to 24 VDC 2 A (General use, Resistive load) at 55°C G3RV-SL700/500-A(L)-CD12 Series 12, 24 VDC 24, 48 VAC/DC 110, 230 VAC 100 to 240 VAC 2 A (General use, Resistive load) at 25°C 100 to 240 VAC 1 A (General use, Resistive load) at 55°C Engineering Data  Load current derating curves G3RV-SL700/500-A(L) Series 6 G3RV-SL700/500-D Series  One Cycle Surge Current: Non-repetitive The values shown by the solid line are for non-repetitive inrush currents. Values shown by the broken line are for repetitive inrush currents. Keep the inrush current to half the rated value if it occurs repetitively. G3RV-SL700/500-A(L) Series G3RV-SL700/500-D Series 7 Dimensions Note: All units are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.  Complete Unit G3RV-SL700 Input circuit 8 G3RV-SL500 Input circuit  Solid State Relay G3RV-D03SL G3RV-202S(L) Input Circuit G3RV-D03SL 9 G3RV-202S(L) 10 11 12 13 14 Terms and Conditions of Sale 1. Offer; Acceptance. These terms and conditions (these "Terms") are deemed part of all quotes, agreements, purchase orders, acknowledgments, price lists, catalogs, manuals, brochures and other documents, whether electronic or in writing, relating to the sale of products or services (collectively, the "Products") by Omron Electronics LLC and its subsidiary companies (“Omron”). Omron objects to any terms or conditions proposed in Buyer’s purchase order or other documents which are inconsistent with, or in addition to, these Terms. 2. Prices; Payment Terms. All prices stated are current, subject to change without notice by Omron. Omron reserves the right to increase or decrease prices on any unshipped portions of outstanding orders. Payments for Products are due net 30 days unless otherwise stated in the invoice. 3. Discounts. Cash discounts, if any, will apply only on the net amount of invoices sent to Buyer after deducting transportation charges, taxes and duties, and will be allowed only if (i) the invoice is paid according to Omron’s payment terms and (ii) Buyer has no past due amounts. 4. Interest. Omron, at its option, may charge Buyer 1-1/2% interest per month or the maximum legal rate, whichever is less, on any balance not paid within the stated terms. 5. Orders. Omron will accept no order less than $200 net billing. 6. Governmental Approvals. Buyer shall be responsible for, and shall bear all costs involved in, obtaining any government approvals required for the importation or sale of the Products. 7. Taxes. All taxes, duties and other governmental charges (other than general real property and income taxes), including any interest or penalties thereon, imposed directly or indirectly on Omron or required to be collected directly or indirectly by Omron for the manufacture, production, sale, delivery, importation, consumption or use of the Products sold hereunder (including customs duties and sales, excise, use, turnover and license taxes) shall be charged to and remitted by Buyer to Omron. 8. Financial. If the financial position of Buyer at any time becomes unsatisfactory to Omron, Omron reserves the right to stop shipments or require satisfactory security or payment in advance. If Buyer fails to make payment or otherwise comply with these Terms or any related agreement, Omron may (without liability and in addition to other remedies) cancel any unshipped portion of Products sold hereunder and stop any Products in transit until Buyer pays all amounts, including amounts payable hereunder, whether or not then due, which are owing to it by Buyer. Buyer shall in any event remain liable for all unpaid accounts. 9. Cancellation; Etc. Orders are not subject to rescheduling or cancellation unless Buyer indemnifies Omron against all related costs or expenses. 10. Force Majeure. Omron shall not be liable for any delay or failure in delivery resulting from causes beyond its control, including earthquakes, fires, floods, strikes or other labor disputes, shortage of labor or materials, accidents to machinery, acts of sabotage, riots, delay in or lack of transportation or the requirements of any government authority. 11. Shipping; Delivery. Unless otherwise expressly agreed in writing by Omron: a. Shipments shall be by a carrier selected by Omron; Omron will not drop ship except in “break down” situations. b. Such carrier shall act as the agent of Buyer and delivery to such carrier shall constitute delivery to Buyer; c. All sales and shipments of Products shall be FOB shipping point (unless otherwise stated in writing by Omron), at which point title and risk of loss shall pass from Omron to Buyer; provided that Omron shall retain a security interest in the Products until the full purchase price is paid; d. Delivery and shipping dates are estimates only; and e. Omron will package Products as it deems proper for protection against normal handling and extra charges apply to special conditions. 12. Claims. Any claim by Buyer against Omron for shortage or damage to the Products occurring before delivery to the carrier must be presented in writing to Omron within 30 days of receipt of shipment and include the original transportation bill signed by the carrier noting that the carrier received the Products from Omron in the condition claimed. 13. Warranties. (a) Exclusive Warranty. Omron’s exclusive warranty is that the Products will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of twelve months from the date of sale by Omron (or such other period expressed in writing by Omron). Omron disclaims all other warranties, express or implied. (b) Limitations. OMRON MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ABOUT NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABIL- 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. ITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF THE PRODUCTS. BUYER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT ALONE HAS DETERMINED THAT THE PRODUCTS WILL SUITABLY MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THEIR INTENDED USE. Omron further disclaims all warranties and responsibility of any type for claims or expenses based on infringement by the Products or otherwise of any intellectual property right. (c) Buyer Remedy. Omron’s sole obligation hereunder shall be, at Omron’s election, to (i) replace (in the form originally shipped with Buyer responsible for labor charges for removal or replacement thereof) the non-complying Product, (ii) repair the non-complying Product, or (iii) repay or credit Buyer an amount equal to the purchase price of the non-complying Product; provided that in no event shall Omron be responsible for warranty, repair, indemnity or any other claims or expenses regarding the Products unless Omron’s analysis confirms that the Products were properly handled, stored, installed and maintained and not subject to contamination, abuse, misuse or inappropriate modification. Return of any Products by Buyer must be approved in writing by Omron before shipment. Omron Companies shall not be liable for the suitability or unsuitability or the results from the use of Products in combination with any electrical or electronic components, circuits, system assemblies or any other materials or substances or environments. Any advice, recommendations or information given orally or in writing, are not to be construed as an amendment or addition to the above warranty. See http://www.omron247.com or contact your Omron representative for published information. Limitation on Liability; Etc. OMRON COMPANIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOSS OF PROFITS OR PRODUCTION OR COMMERCIAL LOSS IN ANY WAY CONNECTED WITH THE PRODUCTS, WHETHER SUCH CLAIM IS BASED IN CONTRACT, WARRANTY, NEGLIGENCE OR STRICT LIABILITY. Further, in no event shall liability of Omron Companies exceed the individual price of the Product on which liability is asserted. Indemnities. Buyer shall indemnify and hold harmless Omron Companies and their employees from and against all liabilities, losses, claims, costs and expenses (including attorney's fees and expenses) related to any claim, investigation, litigation or proceeding (whether or not Omron is a party) which arises or is alleged to arise from Buyer's acts or omissions under these Terms or in any way with respect to the Products. Without limiting the foregoing, Buyer (at its own expense) shall indemnify and hold harmless Omron and defend or settle any action brought against such Companies to the extent based on a claim that any Product made to Buyer specifications infringed intellectual property rights of another party. Property; Confidentiality. Any intellectual property in the Products is the exclusive property of Omron Companies and Buyer shall not attempt to duplicate it in any way without the written permission of Omron. Notwithstanding any charges to Buyer for engineering or tooling, all engineering and tooling shall remain the exclusive property of Omron. All information and materials supplied by Omron to Buyer relating to the Products are confidential and proprietary, and Buyer shall limit distribution thereof to its trusted employees and strictly prevent disclosure to any third party. Export Controls. Buyer shall comply with all applicable laws, regulations and licenses regarding (i) export of products or information; (iii) sale of products to “forbidden” or other proscribed persons; and (ii) disclosure to non-citizens of regulated technology or information. Miscellaneous. (a) Waiver. No failure or delay by Omron in exercising any right and no course of dealing between Buyer and Omron shall operate as a waiver of rights by Omron. (b) Assignment. Buyer may not assign its rights hereunder without Omron's written consent. (c) Law. These Terms are governed by the law of the jurisdiction of the home office of the Omron company from which Buyer is purchasing the Products (without regard to conflict of law principles). (d) Amendment. These Terms constitute the entire agreement between Buyer and Omron relating to the Products, and no provision may be changed or waived unless in writing signed by the parties. (e) Severability. If any provision hereof is rendered ineffective or invalid, such provision shall not invalidate any other provision. (f) Setoff. Buyer shall have no right to set off any amounts against the amount owing in respect of this invoice. (g) Definitions. As used herein, “including” means “including without limitation”; and “Omron Companies” (or similar words) mean Omron Corporation and any direct or indirect subsidiary or affiliate thereof. Certain Precautions on Specifications and Use 1. Suitability of Use. Omron Companies shall not be responsible for conformity with any standards, codes or regulations which apply to the combination of the Product in the Buyer’s application or use of the Product. At Buyer’s request, Omron will provide applicable third party certification documents identifying ratings and limitations of use which apply to the Product. This information by itself is not sufficient for a complete determination of the suitability of the Product in combination with the end product, machine, system, or other application or use. Buyer shall be solely responsible for determining appropriateness of the particular Product with respect to Buyer’s application, product or system. Buyer shall take application responsibility in all cases but the following is a non-exhaustive list of applications for which particular attention must be given: (i) Outdoor use, uses involving potential chemical contamination or electrical interference, or conditions or uses not described in this document. (ii) Use in consumer products or any use in significant quantities. (iii) Energy control systems, combustion systems, railroad systems, aviation systems, medical equipment, amusement machines, vehicles, safety equipment, and installations subject to separate industry or government regulations. (iv) Systems, machines and equipment that could present a risk to life or property. Please know and observe all prohibitions of use applicable to this Product. NEVER USE THE PRODUCT FOR AN APPLICATION INVOLVING SERIOUS RISK TO LIFE OR PROPERTY OR IN LARGE QUANTITIES WITHOUT ENSURING THAT THE SYSTEM AS A WHOLE HAS BEEN DESIGNED TO 2. 3. 4. 5. ADDRESS THE RISKS, AND THAT THE OMRON’S PRODUCT IS PROPERLY RATED AND INSTALLED FOR THE INTENDED USE WITHIN THE OVERALL EQUIPMENT OR SYSTEM. Programmable Products. Omron Companies shall not be responsible for the user’s programming of a programmable Product, or any consequence thereof. Performance Data. Data presented in Omron Company websites, catalogs and other materials is provided as a guide for the user in determining suitability and does not constitute a warranty. It may represent the result of Omron’s test conditions, and the user must correlate it to actual application requirements. Actual performance is subject to the Omron’s Warranty and Limitations of Liability. Change in Specifications. Product specifications and accessories may be changed at any time based on improvements and other reasons. It is our practice to change part numbers when published ratings or features are changed, or when significant construction changes are made. However, some specifications of the Product may be changed without any notice. When in doubt, special part numbers may be assigned to fix or establish key specifications for your application. Please consult with your Omron’s representative at any time to confirm actual specifications of purchased Product. Errors and Omissions. Information presented by Omron Companies has been checked and is believed to be accurate; however, no responsibility is assumed for clerical, typographical or proofreading errors or omissions. OMRON AUTOMATION AND SAFETY • THE AMERICAS HEADQUARTERS • Hoffman Estates, IL USA • 847.843.7900 • 800.556.6766 • www.omron247.com OMRON CANADA, INC. • HEAD OFFICE Toronto, ON, Canada • 416.286.6465 • 866.986.6766 • www.omron247.com OMRON ARGENTINA • SALES OFFICE Cono Sur • 54.11.4783.5300 OMRON ELECTRONICS DE MEXICO • HEAD OFFICE México DF • 52.55.59.01.43.00 • 01-800-226-6766 • mela@omron.com OMRON CHILE • SALES OFFICE Santiago • 56.9.9917.3920 OMRON ELECTRONICS DE MEXICO • SALES OFFICE Apodaca, N.L. • 52.81.11.56.99.20 • 01-800-226-6766 • mela@omron.com OTHER OMRON LATIN AMERICA SALES 54.11.4783.5300 OMRON ELETRÔNICA DO BRASIL LTDA • HEAD OFFICE São Paulo, SP, Brasil • 55.11.2101.6300 • www.omron.com.br Omron Europe B.V. • Wegalaan 67-69, NL-2132 JD, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. • +31 (0) 23 568 13 00 • www.industrial.omron.eu Authorized Distributor: Automation Control Systems • Machine Automation Controllers (MAC) • Programmable Controllers (PLC) • Operator interfaces (HMI) • Distributed I/O • Software Drives & Motion Controls • Servo & AC Drives • Motion Controllers & Encoders Temperature & Process Controllers • Single and Multi-loop Controllers Sensors & Vision • Proximity Sensors • Photoelectric Sensors • Fiber-Optic Sensors • Amplified Photomicrosensors • Measurement Sensors • Ultrasonic Sensors • Vision Sensors Industrial Components • RFID/Code Readers • Relays • Pushbuttons & Indicators • Limit and Basic Switches • Timers • Counters • Metering Devices • Power Supplies Safety • Laser Scanners • Safety Mats • Edges and Bumpers • Programmable Safety Controllers • Light Curtains • Safety Relays • Safety Interlock Switches J75I-E-01 10/14 Note: Specifications are subject to change. Printed on recycled paper. © 2014 Omron Electronics LLC Printed in U.S.A.